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Define model

Define model#

The models are the base objects of a module to store and display data. The ModelSQL is the base class that implements the persistence in the SQL database. The ModelView is the base class that implements the view layer. And of course, a model would be useless without its fields.

Let’s start with a simple model to store the opportunities with a description, a start and end date, a link to a party and an optional comment. Create a file called opportunity.py and add the following model to it:

from trytond.model import ModelSQL, fields

class Opportunity(ModelSQL):
    __name__ = 'training.opportunity'
    _rec_name = 'description'

    description = fields.Char("Description", required=True)
    start_date = fields.Date("Start Date", required=True)
    end_date = fields.Date("End Date")
    party = fields.Many2One('party.party', "Party", required=True)
    comment = fields.Text("Comment")

As you can see a Model must have a __name__ attribute. This name is used to make reference to this object. It is also used to build the name of the SQL table to store the opportunity records in the database.

The _rec_name attribute defines the field that will be used to compute the name of the record. The name of the record is its textual representation.

The party field is a relation field (Many2One) to another Model of Tryton named party.party. This model is defined by the party module.

Register the model in the Pool#

Once a Tryton model is defined, you need to register it in the Pool. This is done in the __init__.py file of your module with the following code:

from trytond.pool import Pool
from . import opportunity

def register():
    Pool.register(
        opportunity.Opportunity,
        module='opportunity', type_='model')

Models in the pool are inspected by Tryton when activating or updating a module in order to create or update the schema of the table in the database.

Activate the opportunity module#

Now that we have a basic module, we will use it to create the related table into the database created.

First we must edit the tryton.cfg file to specify that this module depends on the party and ir module. We need to do this because the Opportunity model contains the party field which refers to the Party model. And we always need the ir module which is always included in Tryton server.

Here is the content of our tryton.cfg file:

[tryton]
version=x.y.0
depends:
   ir
   party

As we defined a new dependency, we must refresh the installation with:

$ python3 -m pip install --use-pep517 --editable opportunity

Now we can activate the opportunity module and its dependencies:

$ trytond-admin -d test -u opportunity --activate-dependencies

This step has created the tables into your database. You can check it with the sqlite3 command line:

$ sqlite3 ~/db/test.sqlite '.schema training_opportunity'
CREATE TABLE "training_opportunity" (
   id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
   "comment" TEXT,
   "create_uid" INTEGER,
   "create_date" TIMESTAMP,
   "description" VARCHAR,
   "end_date" DATE,
   "start_date" DATE,
   "write_date" TIMESTAMP,
   "party" INTEGER,
   "write_uid" INTEGER);

The next step will be displaying record.

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